U.S. Supreme Court JONES v. GEORGIA, 389 U.S. 24 (1967) 389 U.S. 24

JONES v. GEORGIA. ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF GEORGIA. No. 174, Misc. Decided October 16, 1967.

Petitioner appealed his murder conviction on the ground, among others, that the evidence of systematic exclusion of Negroes from grand and petit juries established a prima facie case of discrimination under Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545. The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed because "public officers are presumed to have discharged their sworn official duties," and "we can not assume that the jury commissioners did not eliminate prospective jurors on the basis of their competency to serve, rather than because of racial discrimination." Held: The State's burden to explain the "disparity between the percentage of Negroes on the tax digest and those on the venires" was not met by reliance on the stated presumptions.

Certiorari granted; 223 Ga. 157, 154 S. E. 2d 228, reversed and remanded.

Wilbur D. Owens, Jr., for petitioner.

Arthur K. Bolton, Attorney General of Georgia, G. Ernest Tidwell, Executive Assistant Attorney General, and Marion O. Gordon, Assistant Attorney General, for respondent.

PER CURIAM.

The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for a writ of certiorari are granted.

Petitioner appealed his conviction for murder to the Georgia Supreme Court where he sought reversal on the ground, among others, that the evidence relevant to his claim of systematic exclusion of Negroes from the grand and petit juries drawn in the county established a prima facie case of the denial of equal protection within our

[Page 389 U.S. 24, 25]

decision in Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545.* The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the conviction stating that Whitus was distinguishable because "public officers are presumed to have discharged their sworn official duties. . . . Under the testimony in this case we can not assume that the jury commissioners did not eliminate prospective jurors on the basis of their competency to serve, rather than because of racial discrimination." 223 Ga. 157, 162, 154 S. E. 2d 228, 232.

We hold that the burden upon the State to explain "the disparity between the percentage of Negroes on the tax digest and those on the venires," Whitus, supra, at 552, was not met by the Georgia Supreme Court's reliance on the stated presumptions. See Arnold v. North Carolina, 376 U.S. 773; Eubanks v. Louisiana, 356 U.S. 584; Williams v. Georgia, 349 U.S. 375; Avery v. Georgia, 345 U.S. 559; Cassell v. Texas, 339 U.S. 282; Norris v. Alabama, 294 U.S. 587. We therefore reverse the judgment of the Georgia Supreme Court and remand for further proceedings not inconsistent with our opinion.

It is so ordered.

[Footnote *] The record supports the following comparison of the salient facts in Whitus and in petitioner's case:

Whitus Petitioner's case

Over 21 population 42.6% Negro men 30.7% Negro

Jury Commissioners White (apparently) White

Source of juror Tax Digests separated 3 Tax Digests, two names and identified of which separated as to race and identified as to race

Taxpayers 27.1% Negro 19.7% Negro

Negro jurors 9.1% grand jury 5.0% of jury list venire and box (1 Negro 7.8% petit jury was on the grand venire jury which indicted petitioner)

Rebuttal evidence by State None None

[Page 389 U.S. 24, 26]